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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

高水平开放是高质量发展的必然要求******

　　作者：王晓红（中国国际经济交流中心科研信息部副部长）

　　党的二十大报告提出，“未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期”，将“改革开放迈出新步伐，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化深入推进，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善，更高水平开放型经济新体制基本形成”纳入未来一个时期的主要目标任务。中央经济工作会议提出，“坚持推进高水平对外开放，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放”。在此背景下，进一步认识推进高水平对外开放对做好经济工作的意义十分重要。

　　近年来，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，世纪疫情影响深远，逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，世界经济复苏乏力，全球性问题加剧，国际经济、科技、文化、安全、政治等格局都在发生深刻复杂变化。当前我国经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力仍然较大，外部环境动荡不安给我国经济带来的风险和影响增大。这些挑战都要求我们更好统筹国内国际两个大局，建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，实施更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次的对外开放，推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。这既是应对国际环境深刻复杂变化的现实需要，也是推动我国经济实现高质量发展的内在要求。

　　高水平对外开放为建设高标准市场体系提供制度供给。建设高标准市场体系是加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要内容，对加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局具有重要意义。推进高水平对外开放，对标高标准国际经贸规则，促进深层次改革，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，有助于构建更加成熟、更加定型的高水平社会主义市场经济体制，进一步激发各类市场主体活力。

　　高水平对外开放为持续优化国内国际资源要素配置提供助力。高水平对外开放能有效提升贸易投资合作质量和水平，更大力度吸引和利用外资，有利于我们积极推动加入全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定和数字经济伙伴关系协定等高标准经贸协议，主动对照相关规则、规制、管理、标准，深化国内相关领域改革。

　　高水平对外开放为构建新发展格局提供稳定安全的供应链保障。我国经济已深度融入全球产业链、供应链和创新链，构建新发展格局，着力提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，都需要在开放的条件下推进。一方面，要充分依托国内大市场和产业链优势形成内循环为主的大国经济发展模式，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性；另一方面，要通过高水平对外开放形成畅通的外循环系统，提升国际循环质量和水平。只有打通内外循环的堵点，才能畅通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节，延伸全球产业链，稳定供应链，强化创新链，提升我国产业在全球价值链中的分工水平。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）